IPM Manual for Structural Pests in British Columbia
Study Question Answers
Chapter 1. What is Integrated Pest Management?
1. e, i, g, k, f, b, l, c, j, d, h, a
2. Prevention of pest problems through sanitation and maintenance of a site or building.
3. Provide long-term solutions, reduce pesticide use, prevent pesticide resistance from developing and control pesticide resistant pests.
4. To establish the client's tolerance for nuisance pests and for education about the IPM approach.
5. Identification, monitoring, action decisions, treatments, evaluation.
6. To monitor accurately, plan preventative measures, use the most appropriate controls, and place controls where they will have the most effect.
7. Monitoring provides the information about pest populations needed to make treatment decisions.
8. Pheromone traps contain synthetic pheromones that mimic the pheromones produced by insects. They are used to attract specific insect pests to determine if they are present.
9. Economic damage to goods and structures, medical or health hazards posed by pests, and nuisance or aesthetic tolerability.
10. Barriers, e.g., screening, sealing cracks, electric fence.
Sanitation, e.g., removing nesting and hiding places, cleaning, steam cleaning, covering garbage.
Environmental modifications, e.g., eliminate food or water sources, alter humidity or temperature.
11. Physical, mechanical, biological and chemical controls.
12. Evaluation helps the pest manager decide what worked, identify improvements and assess long-term costs.
Chapter 2. Preferred Pesticides
1. e, g, h, d, i, a, f, j, b, c
2. Dust, solid (rigid rods), liquid (water soluble) solution, powder or foam.
3. Diatomaceous earth (silicon dioxide) and silica gel.
4. Pyrethrum is the dried flower heads of the pyrethrum daisy. Pyrethrins are active ingredients found in the flowers. Pyrethroids are synthetic compounds made to resemble pyrethrins.
5. Methoprene is a juvenile hormone, which prevents insects from reaching maturity. It is registered for juvenile fleas.
6. Hydramethylnon disrupts the biochemical energy production in insects. It is used in baits for cockroaches and ants.
Chapter 3. Ants
1. T, F, T, T, T
2. a) true
3. d) a & c
4. Finding the main nest and removing it.
5. Thick layers of dust repel insects.
6. d) a & b
7. To locate as many areas of ant activity as possible.
8. d) all of the above
9. d) a & b
10. a) shape of the thorax
Chapter 4. Cockroaches
1. F, T, F, F
2. Traps should be placed in areas where cockroaches travel and near their potential shelters.
3. List any three of: Repairing moisture leaks, storing food in insect proof containers, storing garbage in insect proof bins, removing grease and food debris from all kitchen surfaces, flushing drains with hot water, and sealing cracks and filling crevices to remove hiding places.
4. Vacuuming, boric acid, hydramethylnon, pyrethrins.
5. Ensuring that cockroaches find and eat the bait instead of other food.
Chapter 5. Fleas
1. e) adult and larva
2. T, T, T, T, T
3. Eliminate adult fleas, prevent immature life stages from developing, and provide a period of continuous control while pupating fleas continue to emerge.
4. It is the 2 to 4 week period after treatments are applied, when adult fleas continue to emerge from pupae that were not affected by the treatment.
5. d) a & B
6. Methoprene, which affects flea larvae. Lufenuron, which affects flea eggs.
7. Pyrethrins may be used in conjunction with methoprene, which controls the immature fleas, for moderate flea populations. More toxic adulticides may be recommended if fleas are causing severe irritation to people or pets and exposure of people and pets to these pesticides can be minimized.
Chapter 6. Stored Product Pests
1. It is necessary to know where to apply treatments, which depends on the life cycle of the pest.
2. Visual inspections, sampling, pheromone traps.
3. d) all of the above
4. b) 6%
5. The pest manager should recommend sanitation measures, environmental modifications to lower humidity and barriers to prevent infestations.
6. To eliminate an infestation, food products should be kept in a freezer long enough to be frozen at the centre of the container for at least 4 days.
7. Only pesticides labelled for use in the appropriate areas (e.g., food preparation and storage areas) and for this group of insects (e.g., crawling insects) can be used.
Chapter 7. Silverfish & Firebrats
1. T, T, F, F
2. By placing sticky traps in areas where silverfish or firebrats are suspected.
3. Store food and garbage in pest proof containers, keep cooking and eating areas clean, vacuum cracks and crevices free of lint, then seal or caulk the cracks, remove infested boxes and other materials, vacuum thoroughly and re-stack items in storage areas.
4. Leaking windows or those with regular condensation should be repaired. Improve ventilation, repair leaks, install fans or other moisture controls.
5. In dry areas, a light application of diatomaceous earth can be made behind baseboards and in other cracks frequented by the insects.
Chapter 8. Rodents
1. T, T, F, T, T, T
2. Using snap traps or glue boards to catch them, removing all droppings and observing where and how fast new droppings appear, setting out non-toxic baits and observing where and how quickly the baits are taken.
3. List any four of:
- Use rat proof garbage cans.
- Use rat proof compost bins.
- Seal holes in buildings (i.e., with galvanized metal sheeting, strong wire mesh or 22-gauge aluminum sheeting).
- Remove rat shelters, such as piles of old lumber, firewood stored on the ground close to buildings and dense, low vegetation.
- Remove bird feeders or keep them away from buildings.
4. Anticoagulants prevent blood clotting and cause the poisoned rodent to bleed to death internally. The problem with overuse of these products is the development of resistant rodent populations.
5. So that rodents cannot carry the blocks out of the stations.
6. Rodents will track the powders from areas they have been applied into other areas, where the powder may present a hazard.
Chapter 9. Termites
1. F, T, T, F, F
2. Mud tubes or tunnels from the soil, damp or damaged wood with holes or tunnels, and wood that sounds hollow or soft when tapped.
3. Wood in contact with soil, damp or poorly ventilated areas, cracks in foundations and concrete slabs.
4. Reducing the moisture level in wood, eliminating direct contact between wood and soil, ensuring there is at least 15 cm between the soil surface and the bottom edge of wood siding, removing tree stumps and wood scraps from near the house, cracks in foundations to prevent termites from reaching wood, using treated wood where contact with soil is unavoidable.
5. Correcting the problem of water damaged wood.
Chapter 10. Powderpost Beetles
1. T, T, T, F
2. Paint the suspect wood, ensuring that all beetle holes are covered. Then check the wood in June, after the adult beetle emergence period, to see if new exit holes have appeared.
3. Use kiln dried or air dried lumber in building projects (the drying process kills wood boring beetles), control moisture levels within a structure, and store firewood away from the house.
Chapter 11. Birds
1. T, F, T, T
2. To prevent or remedy nuisance bird problems most effectively, it is necessary to observe the activities of the bird populations, particularly with respect to finding their favourite perching sites.
3. Galvanized wire mesh screen, bird netting, wire prongs and spikes, and a system of stainless steel wires, spaced along the entire length and width of landing surfaces.
4. It is lethal to all birds and has high acute toxicity to mammals.
Chapter 12. Precautions for Using Pesticides
1. Toxic pesticides should only be used when:
- the 5 steps in the IPM approach are followed,
- other controls have been employed where possible,
- preferred pesticides have been considered and cannot do the job,
- pesticide use is minimized by prevention methods and good maintenance, and
- pesticides are applied in a way that results in the least exposure for people and non-target organisms.
2. Because much less pesticide would be placed in the environment.
3. The pest manager must understand how air moves in and out of a building to prevent movement to untreated areas and to provide adequate ventilation following treatment.
4. Re-entry time is the amount of time that workers or residents must stay out of treated areas to prevent exposure to the pesticide.
5. Most pesticide labels indicate that pesticide treated surfaces should not be contacted before spray has dried. No specific time is usually given.
6. Clean application equipment; dispose of empty pesticide containers; keep records of pesticide treatments and accidents; ensure that treated areas will be properly aerated; remind clients to stay out of treated areas for the specified re-entry period.
7. The contents of drawers and shelves should be removed before spraying. After spraying a liner should be placed in drawers and on shelves.
8. Any four of the following:
- Place rodent baits in tamper-proof containers.
- Show a client a bait station and explain how it works.
- Ask the client if an area is accessible to children.
- Place baits only in areas inaccessible to children.
- Avoid placing baits in public use areas.
9. Communications should include the objective of the program to prevent the pest problems and to minimize pesticide use, the importance of the role of the residents/office workers and the specific directions about what they should do to assist. Communications can be by notices, flyers, posters, leaflets and by meetings. Drawings may be useful.
10. The notice to residents should be sent to each tenant in a building at least 72 hours before a pesticide treatment to indicate the treatment details, to indicate what the resident should do to prevent exposure and to ask if the resident suffers from any medical problem such that the suite should not be treated.
11. F, T, F, F, T, F, T, F, T, T, T
Chapter 13. Characteristics of Pesticides
1. T, T, T, F, T, T, F, T, F, T, F, T, T, T
2. Chlorpyrifos is not registered for use in residential buildings.
3. No. Although effective at controlling cockroaches, it is very toxic to fish so should not be used near aquariums.
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