Ambient Water Quality Guidelines for Chlorophenols

Water Quality

Ambient Water Quality Guidelines for Chlorophenols

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

A - year, per annum
ACQUIRE - a computerized data base; EPA, Office of Toxic Substances.
ADP - adenosine diphosphate; used in the storage and transfer of energy by organisms.
ATP - adenosine triphosphate; used in the storage and transfer of energy by organisms.
BCF - bioconcentration factor.
CAS - Chemical Abstracting Service.
CB - constant flow bioassay. There is constant water exchange in the test system with metered pollutant input to maintain a constant pollutant concentration. Also called a flow through bioassay, FlTh.
DO - dissolved oxygen level in the water.
DI - de-ionized (distilled) water, very low ion and hardness content.
EC - effective concentration, a concentration which has a noticeable effect on the organism under test.
ECx - concentration of a substance causing a noticeable effect in X% of the test organisms; X is often but not always 50.
ENVIROFATE - a computerized data base, EPA, Office of Toxic Substances.
EtOH - ethanol, ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH.
F - female
FO - fuel oil used as a solvent for a toxicant.
FS - field study, conducted in natural settings, not in a laboratory, subject to uncontrolled variables.
FT - flow through bioassay. There is a constant water exchange in the test system with metered pollutant input to maintain a constant pollutant concentration. Also called a constant flow bioassay, CB.
FW - fresh water, as opposed to marine or estuarine.
h - hour.
HNOAEL - highest no observable adverse effect level. The highest concentration of a pollutant at which no harmful effects are noted.
ICx - the aqueous concentration of a pollutant which causes immobility in X% of the test organisms; X is usually, but not always, 50.
IPR - intraperitoneal injection of the test compound into the organism.
Ko/c - the proportion of a chemical which dissolves in the non-polar organic solvent, octanol, as opposed to the proportion which adsorbs to carbon. This is an estimate of the relative partitioning of the chemical between the water and the sediment.
Ko/w - the proportion of a chemical which dissolves in the non-polar organic solvent, octanol, as opposed to the proportion which dissolves in the polar solvent, water. This is an estimate of the relative fat solubility of the chemical and thus its likelihood of being taken up from the environment by an organism.
LCx - the aqueous concentration of a pollutant which is fatal to X% of the test organisms; X is usually, but not always, 50.
LDx - the dose of a pollutant given to test organisms which causes death in X% of the test organisms; X is usually, but not always, 50.
LOAEL - the lowest observable adverse effect level. The lowest concentration of a pollutant which causes an observable harmful effect to a test organism.
LOG-P - a computerized data base, Pomona College, Medicinal Chemistry Project.
LS - laboratory study under controlled conditions.
LTC - lethal threshold concentration; the concentration of a pollutant at which the first deaths of test organisms begin to occur.
M - male
MAC - the maximum acceptable concentration of a toxicant.
MATC - the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration.
MDC - minimum detectable concentration.
mD - minimum dose required to effect a response in the test organism.
min. dose - minimum dose required to effect a response in the test organism.
min - minute
MISA - the Municipal-Industrial Strategy for Abatement in Ontario.
mon - month
NAT - natural water used in a laboratory experiment as opposed to DI water or tap water.
NOAEL - the no observed adverse effect level for a pollutant; no test organisms showed any observable harmful reactions.
NOLEL - the no lethal effects level; no test organisms died at this concentration of pollutant.
OO - olive oil used as a solvent for the toxicant.
ORAL - the dose of toxicant was given by mouth.
pKa - acid dissociation constant; the ratio of ionized to un-ionized molecules of a compound in solution, at a given pH.
PNO - pine oil used as a solvent for the toxicant.
PO - peanut oil used as a solvent for the toxicant.
PPG - propylene glycol used as a solvent for the toxicant.
PROPERTIES - a computerized data base from Montana State University.
QSAR - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships
RTECS - Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, U. S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
RSB - renewal static bioassay; periodic replenishment of water or pollutant over the course of the experiment.
SB - static bioassay; there is no replenishment of water or pollutant over the course of the experiment.
SCU - subcutaneous injection of the toxicant into the test organism.
SD - the Sprague-Dawley strain of rats used in toxicity experiments.
Sh - the Sherman strain of rats used in toxicity experiments.
Sp. - species.
SW - marine or salty water; not fresh.
TLm - lethal threshold median; level at which one half of the test organisms are dead. See also LC and LD.
w - week
96-h LC50 - This is the most commonly used expression of the effects of a toxicant. It means that 50% of the test organisms died after being subjected to the given concentration of toxicant for a continuous period of 96 hours.


	Water Quality Ambient Water Quality Guidelines for Chlorophenols ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS A - year, per annum ACQUIRE - a computerized data base; EPA, Office of Toxic Substances. ADP - adenosine diphosphate; used in the storage and transfer of energy by organisms. ATP - adenosine triphosphate; used in the storage and transfer of energy by organisms. BCF - bioconcentration factor. CAS - Chemical Abstracting Service. CB - constant flow bioassay. There is constant water exchange in the test system with metered pollutant input to maintain a constant pollutant concentration. Also called a flow through bioassay, FlTh. DO - dissolved oxygen level in the water. DI - de-ionized (distilled) water, very low ion and hardness content. EC - effective concentration, a concentration which has a noticeable effect on the organism under test. ECx - concentration of a substance causing a noticeable effect in X% of the test organisms; X is often but not always 50. ENVIROFATE - a computerized data base, EPA, Office of Toxic Substances. EtOH - ethanol, ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH. F - female FO - fuel oil used as a solvent for a toxicant. FS - field study, conducted in natural settings, not in a laboratory, subject to uncontrolled variables. FT - flow through bioassay. There is a constant water exchange in the test system with metered pollutant input to maintain a constant pollutant concentration. Also called a constant flow bioassay, CB. FW - fresh water, as opposed to marine or estuarine. h - hour. HNOAEL - highest no observable adverse effect level. The highest concentration of a pollutant at which no harmful effects are noted. ICx - the aqueous concentration of a pollutant which causes immobility in X% of the test organisms; X is usually, but not always, 50. IPR - intraperitoneal injection of the test compound into the organism. Ko/c - the proportion of a chemical which dissolves in the non-polar organic solvent, octanol, as opposed to the proportion which adsorbs to carbon. This is an estimate of the relative partitioning of the chemical between the water and the sediment. Ko/w - the proportion of a chemical which dissolves in the non-polar organic solvent, octanol, as opposed to the proportion which dissolves in the polar solvent, water. This is an estimate of the relative fat solubility of the chemical and thus its likelihood of being taken up from the environment by an organism. LCx - the aqueous concentration of a pollutant which is fatal to X% of the test organisms; X is usually, but not always, 50. LDx - the dose of a pollutant given to test organisms which causes death in X% of the test organisms; X is usually, but not always, 50. LOAEL - the lowest observable adverse effect level. The lowest concentration of a pollutant which causes an observable harmful effect to a test organism. LOG-P - a computerized data base, Pomona College, Medicinal Chemistry Project. LS - laboratory study under controlled conditions. LTC - lethal threshold concentration; the concentration of a pollutant at which the first deaths of test organisms begin to occur. M - male MAC - the maximum acceptable concentration of a toxicant. MATC - the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration. MDC - minimum detectable concentration. mD - minimum dose required to effect a response in the test organism. min. dose - minimum dose required to effect a response in the test organism. min - minute MISA - the Municipal-Industrial Strategy for Abatement in Ontario. mon - month NAT - natural water used in a laboratory experiment as opposed to DI water or tap water. NOAEL - the no observed adverse effect level for a pollutant; no test organisms showed any observable harmful reactions. NOLEL - the no lethal effects level; no test organisms died at this concentration of pollutant. OO - olive oil used as a solvent for the toxicant. ORAL - the dose of toxicant was given by mouth. pKa - acid dissociation constant; the ratio of ionized to un-ionized molecules of a compound in solution, at a given pH. PNO - pine oil used as a solvent for the toxicant. PO - peanut oil used as a solvent for the toxicant. PPG - propylene glycol used as a solvent for the toxicant. PROPERTIES - a computerized data base from Montana State University. QSAR - Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships RTECS - Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, U. S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. RSB - renewal static bioassay; periodic replenishment of water or pollutant over the course of the experiment. SB - static bioassay; there is no replenishment of water or pollutant over the course of the experiment. SCU - subcutaneous injection of the toxicant into the test organism. SD - the Sprague-Dawley strain of rats used in toxicity experiments. Sh - the Sherman strain of rats used in toxicity experiments. Sp. - species. SW - marine or salty water; not fresh. TLm - lethal threshold median; level at which one half of the test organisms are dead. See also LC and LD. w - week 96-h LC50 - This is the most commonly used expression of the effects of a toxicant. It means that 50% of the test organisms died after being subjected to the given concentration of toxicant for a continuous period of 96 hours.