Ambient Water Quality Guidelines for Chlorophenols

Water Quality

Ambient Water Quality Guidelines for Chlorophenols

DEFINITIONS

Acute toxicity - a lethal or sublethal effect on the test organism which occurs in a short time; usually no more than 96 hours for large long-lived organisms, but in a much shorter time for smaller ephemeral organisms.
Adenoma - a benign (non-cancerous) tumor of glandular origin.
Alkalinity - the quantitative capacity of water, expressed as mg/L of CaCO3, to neutralize a strong acid to a specified pH.
Bioaccumulation - the taking up of a substance from the environment by an organism either in the food or directly from the water via the gills or the skin.
Bioconcentration - the ability of an organism to take up or bioaccumulate a substance to concentrations in the body much higher than the concentrations in the environment.
Biomagnification - the process whereby the concentration of a substance gets progressively higher in the bodies of organisms further up the food chain at higher trophic levels.
Carcinogenicity - the ability of a substance to cause cancers in organisms.
Carcinoma - malignant (cancerous) tumor originating in epithelial (membranous lining of cavities in the body) tissue.
Chloracne - an acne-like skin eruption caused by chlorinated organic compounds.
Chronic - effects which occur over a long period of time. The test organism is not usually killed but the species may be eliminated in the long-run if the chronic effects are on reproductive success or offspring viability.
Cytology - study of all aspects of the biology of cells or effects at the cellular level of organization.
Dermal - application or absorption through the skin.
Diaphoresis - very profuse perspiration which may be artificially induced.
Ecdysis - the stage in crustacean life-cycles when they have shed their old carapace (shell) and the new one has not yet hardened or become relatively impervious.
Edema - a swelling due to accumulation of blood serum in connective tissue or a cavity in the body.
Embryotoxicity - having toxic effects on the embryo of organisms, generally at the early stages of development after fertilization but before differentiation into a fetus.
Epithelial - living tissues of the gut, respiratory tract or the outer skin; tissues generally in contact with toxicants, often secretory or excretory.
Eukaryotic - a cell with a large well-defined membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane- bound components such as mitochondria (extra nuclear cellular organelles producing energy by respiration) and chloroplasts (extra nuclear cellular organelles which carry out photosynthesis and store energy as starch). Evolutionarily advanced over prokaryotic (primitive) cells and found in all multicellular organisms.
Fetotoxicity - having toxic effects on the fetus of organisms, generally during the later stages of development, after differentiation and up to birth.
Hardness - the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, expressed as mg/L of CaCO3.
Homeotherms - warm-blooded animals; those that have internal metabolic control of their own body temperatures.
Hyperplasia - an abnormal or unusual increase in the cells of a tissue.
Immunotoxicity - having toxic effects on the immune system of an organism and affecting its ability to protect itself against diseases.
Intraperitoneal - injected into the body cavity.
Intravenous - given by injection into the blood stream.
Leucocytosis - an increase in the number of white blood cells.
Mitosis - nuclear division of the somatic (body as opposed to reproductive) cells of an organism.
Monocytosis -an increase in the large, phagocytic (engulfing and consuming debris and foreign matter) white blood cells, such as leukocytes.
Mutagenicity -having the ability to increase the frequency or extent of mutations (inheritable changes) in the genes.
Neotenous - animals (often amphibians) which become sexually mature in the larval stages of growth.
Neurotoxicity - having the ability to cause an adverse effect on the nervous system of an organism, affecting nerve impulse transmission or brain function.
Oral - given by mouth.
Papilloma - a benign (non-cancerous) tumor or wart due to an overgrowth of epithelial tissue on papillae (small nipple-like protuberances) of vascular connective tissues; usually in the skin.
Peritoneum -the membrane lining the abdominal cavity of a mammal.
Poikilotherms - cold-blooded animals; those that do not have automatic internal control of their own body temperatures.
Porphyria - a pathological condition characterized by abnormal porphyrin (organic compounds with a central metal atom and 4 pyrrole rings like chlorophyll or hemoglobin) metabolism, excretion of excess porphyrin in urine and extreme sensitivity to light.
Somatic - the body cells of an organism, as opposed to the reproductive cells.
Subcutaneous - injected under the skin
Teratogenicity - having the ability to cause developmental malformations or deviations from the normal, in the growth and differentiation of embryos and fetuses.


	Water Quality Ambient Water Quality Guidelines for Chlorophenols DEFINITIONS Acute toxicity - a lethal or sublethal effect on the test organism which occurs in a short time; usually no more than 96 hours for large long-lived organisms, but in a much shorter time for smaller ephemeral organisms. Adenoma - a benign (non-cancerous) tumor of glandular origin. Alkalinity - the quantitative capacity of water, expressed as mg/L of CaCO3, to neutralize a strong acid to a specified pH. Bioaccumulation - the taking up of a substance from the environment by an organism either in the food or directly from the water via the gills or the skin. Bioconcentration - the ability of an organism to take up or bioaccumulate a substance to concentrations in the body much higher than the concentrations in the environment. Biomagnification - the process whereby the concentration of a substance gets progressively higher in the bodies of organisms further up the food chain at higher trophic levels. Carcinogenicity - the ability of a substance to cause cancers in organisms. Carcinoma - malignant (cancerous) tumor originating in epithelial (membranous lining of cavities in the body) tissue. Chloracne - an acne-like skin eruption caused by chlorinated organic compounds. Chronic - effects which occur over a long period of time. The test organism is not usually killed but the species may be eliminated in the long-run if the chronic effects are on reproductive success or offspring viability. Cytology - study of all aspects of the biology of cells or effects at the cellular level of organization. Dermal - application or absorption through the skin. Diaphoresis - very profuse perspiration which may be artificially induced. Ecdysis - the stage in crustacean life-cycles when they have shed their old carapace (shell) and the new one has not yet hardened or become relatively impervious. Edema - a swelling due to accumulation of blood serum in connective tissue or a cavity in the body. Embryotoxicity - having toxic effects on the embryo of organisms, generally at the early stages of development after fertilization but before differentiation into a fetus. Epithelial - living tissues of the gut, respiratory tract or the outer skin; tissues generally in contact with toxicants, often secretory or excretory. Eukaryotic - a cell with a large well-defined membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane- bound components such as mitochondria (extra nuclear cellular organelles producing energy by respiration) and chloroplasts (extra nuclear cellular organelles which carry out photosynthesis and store energy as starch). Evolutionarily advanced over prokaryotic (primitive) cells and found in all multicellular organisms. Fetotoxicity - having toxic effects on the fetus of organisms, generally during the later stages of development, after differentiation and up to birth. Hardness - the total concentration of calcium and magnesium ions, expressed as mg/L of CaCO3. Homeotherms - warm-blooded animals; those that have internal metabolic control of their own body temperatures. Hyperplasia - an abnormal or unusual increase in the cells of a tissue. Immunotoxicity - having toxic effects on the immune system of an organism and affecting its ability to protect itself against diseases. Intraperitoneal - injected into the body cavity. Intravenous - given by injection into the blood stream. Leucocytosis - an increase in the number of white blood cells. Mitosis - nuclear division of the somatic (body as opposed to reproductive) cells of an organism. Monocytosis -an increase in the large, phagocytic (engulfing and consuming debris and foreign matter) white blood cells, such as leukocytes. Mutagenicity -having the ability to increase the frequency or extent of mutations (inheritable changes) in the genes. Neotenous - animals (often amphibians) which become sexually mature in the larval stages of growth. Neurotoxicity - having the ability to cause an adverse effect on the nervous system of an organism, affecting nerve impulse transmission or brain function. Oral - given by mouth. Papilloma - a benign (non-cancerous) tumor or wart due to an overgrowth of epithelial tissue on papillae (small nipple-like protuberances) of vascular connective tissues; usually in the skin. Peritoneum -the membrane lining the abdominal cavity of a mammal. Poikilotherms - cold-blooded animals; those that do not have automatic internal control of their own body temperatures. Porphyria - a pathological condition characterized by abnormal porphyrin (organic compounds with a central metal atom and 4 pyrrole rings like chlorophyll or hemoglobin) metabolism, excretion of excess porphyrin in urine and extreme sensitivity to light. Somatic - the body cells of an organism, as opposed to the reproductive cells. Subcutaneous - injected under the skin Teratogenicity - having the ability to cause developmental malformations or deviations from the normal, in the growth and differentiation of embryos and fetuses.