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Water Quality
Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Fluoride
Table 5.9 Fluoride Accumulation
in Marine Invertebrates as a Function of the Ambient Fluoride
Levels in the Water
mg/L
F
|
Salt
|
Reference
|
Species
|
Conditions
and
Accumulation
Factors
|
0**
|
-
|
Wright & Davidson,
1975
|
Mytilus
edulis
(mussel)
|
20-h,
mg/kg as tissue wet weight, gills-1.4, gut-0.3, mantle-0.3,
shell-1.3,
foot-0.4, adductor-0.4
|
0.89
|
sea
|
Hemens et
al., 1975
|
Penaeus
indicus
(prawn)
|
68-d,
whole animal, mg/kg ash-401, wet weight-27.2*
|
0.89
|
sea
|
Hemens et
al., 1975
|
Tylodisplax
blephariskios
(crab)
|
68-d,
whole animal,
mg/kg, ash-223
|
0.95
|
sea
|
Hemens et
al., 1975
|
Penaeus
indicus
(prawn)
|
113-d,
whole prawn, mg/kg ash-442, wet weight-29.9
|
0.95
|
sea
|
Hemens et
al., 1975
|
Tylodisplax
blephariskios
(crab)
|
112-d,
whole animal,
mg/kg, ash-157
|
1.0
|
NaF
|
Wright & Davidson,
1975
|
Mytilus
edulis
(mussel)
|
20-h,
mg/kg as tissue wet weight, gills-1.1, gut-1.2, mantle-0.5,
shell-1.6,
foot-0.8, adductor-<0.2
|
1.05
|
NaF
|
Hemens & Warwick,
1972
|
Tylodisplax
blephariskios
(crab)
|
72-d,
25°C, whole animal, mg/kg, ash-106
|
1.05
|
NaF
|
Hemens & Warwick,
1972
|
Palaemon
pacificus
(shrimp)
|
72-d,
25°C, whole animal mg/kg, ash-106
|
1.05
|
NaF
|
Hemens & Warwick,
1972
|
Penaeus
indicus
(prawn)
|
72-d,
25°C, whole animal, mg/kg, ash-374,
wet weight-25.3*
|
1.13
to
1.35
|
sea
|
Barbaro et
al., 1981
|
Mytilus
galloprovincialis
(mussel)
|
soft
tissue fluoride level, in mg/kg dry weight is 20 to 70
times the level in ambient seawater, 85 (65-105)
|
1.13
to
1.48
|
sea
|
Barbaro et
al., 1981
|
Balanus
amphitrite
(barnacle)
|
soft
tissue fluoride level, in mg/kg dry weight is 20 to 70
times the level in ambient seawater, 81 (75-87)
|
1.41
|
sea
|
Wright & Davidson,
1975
|
Carcinus
maenas
(crab)
|
wet
weight tissue level in mg/kg, whole animal-5.4, gill-1.6,
exoskeleton-11.0, gonad-1.6, muscle-2.1
|
1.72
mean
|
sea
|
Wright & Davidson,
1975
|
Portunus
depuratus
(crab)
|
wet
weight tissue level in mg/kg, whole animal-3.7, exoskeleton-11.0,
muscle-2.1
|
1.72
mean
|
sea
|
Wright & Davidson,
1975
|
Crangon
vulgaris
(shrimp)
|
wet
weight tissue level in mg/kg, exoskeleton-10.6, muscle-1.5,
whole animal-4.3
|
1.72
mean
|
sea
|
Wright & Davidson,
1975
|
Leander
serratus
(prawn)
|
wet
weight tissue level in mg/kg, exoskelton-11.3, muscle-2.1,
whole animal-4.3
|
5.65
|
NaF
|
Hemens et
al., 1975
|
Penaeus
indicus
(prawn)
|
113-d,
whole animal in mg/ kg, ash-1425, wet weight-96.5* (3.2
x the, level in controls @ 0.95 mg/L F )
|
5.65
|
NaF
|
Hemens et
al., 1975
|
Tylodisplax
blephariskios
(crab)
|
113-d,
whole animal in mg/kg, ash-566, (3.6 x the evel in controls@
0.95 mg/L l F )
|
5.7
|
NaF
|
Hemens et
al., 1975
|
Penaeus
indicus
(prawn)
|
113-d,
whole animal in mg/ kg, ash-1790, wet weight-121.3 (4.0
x the level in controls @ 0.95 mg/L F-)
|
5.7
|
NaF
|
Hemens et
al., 1975
|
Tylodisplax
blephariskios
(crab)
|
113-d,
whole animal in mg/kg ash-522 (3.3 x the level in controls
@ 0.95 mg/L F-)
|
5.88
|
NaF
|
Hemens et
al., 1975
|
Penaeus
indicus
(prawn)
|
68-d,
whole animal in mg/ kg, ash-1475, wet weight-99.9 (3.7
x the level in controls @ 0.89 mg/L F )
|
5.88
|
NaF
|
Hemens et
al., 1975
|
Tylodisplax
blephariskios
(crab)
|
68-d,
whole animal in mg/kg, ash-423 (1.9 x the level in controls
@ 0.89 mg/L F-)
|
10
|
NaF
|
Wright & Davidson,
1975
|
Mytilus
edulis
(mussel)
|
20-h,
mg/kg tissue as wet weight, gills-2.4, mantle-1.20, shell-5.7,
gut-2.6, foot-0.7, adductor-2.0
|
10
|
NaF
|
Wright & Davidson,
1975
|
Mytilus
edulis
(mussel)
|
96-h,
mg/kg tissue as wet weight, gills-4.8, mantle-4.9, shell-10.0,
gut-6.8, foot-5.6, adductor-1.3
|
30
|
NaF
|
Wright & Davidson,
1975
|
Mytilus
edulis
(mussel)
|
20-h,
mg/kg tissue as wet weight, gill-11.16, mantle-2.5, shell-11.4,
gut-17.2, foot-10.1, adductor-9.8
|
30
|
NaF
|
Wright & Davidson,
1975
|
Mytilus
edulis
(mussel)
|
96-h,
mg/kg tissue wet
weight, gills-34.7,
gut-73.6, mantle-18.5, shell-21.8, foot-40.7, adductor-23.8
|
50
|
NaF
|
Hemens et
al., 1975
|
Penaeus
indicus
(prawn)
|
mg/kg,
ash, soft tissue-50, exoskeleton-736.5, whole body-534.
wet weight, soft tissue-3.4*, exoskeleton-49.9*,whole
body-36.2*
|
52
|
NaF
|
Hemens & Warwick,
1972
|
Penaeus
indicus
(prawn)
|
72-d,
25°C, 20 ppt salinity whole animal, mg/kg, ash-3248**.
wet weight-220.1** (8.7 x the level in controls @ 1.05
mg/L F)
|
52
|
NaF
|
Hemens & Warwick,
1972
|
Tylodisplax
blephariskios
(crab)
|
72-d,
25°C, whole animal, mg/kg, ash-1414
(8.3 x the
level in controls@ 1.05 mg/L F)
|
52
|
NaF
|
Hemens & Warwick,
1972
|
Palaemon
pacificus
(shrimp)
|
72-d,
25°C, whole animal, mg/kg, ash-3116
(29.4 x the
level in controls@ 1.05 mg/L F)
|
** The F-in-ash to F-in-wet
weight ratio was 14.8. This factor was used to convert other
values*, given only in micrograms/gram ash, to mg/kg wet weight.
 
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