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Water Quality

Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Fluoride


Table 5.9 Fluoride Accumulation in Marine Invertebrates as a Function of the Ambient Fluoride Levels in the Water


mg/L F

Salt

Reference

Species

Conditions and
Accumulation Factors

0**

-

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Mytilus edulis
(mussel)

20-h, mg/kg as tissue wet weight, gills-1.4, gut-0.3, mantle-0.3, shell-1.3,
foot-0.4, adductor-0.4

0.89

sea

Hemens et al., 1975

Penaeus indicus
(prawn)

68-d, whole animal, mg/kg ash-401, wet weight-27.2*

0.89

sea

Hemens et al., 1975

Tylodisplax blephariskios
(crab)

68-d, whole animal,
mg/kg, ash-223

0.95

sea

Hemens et al., 1975

Penaeus indicus
(prawn)

113-d, whole prawn, mg/kg ash-442, wet weight-29.9

0.95

sea

Hemens et al., 1975

Tylodisplax blephariskios
(crab)

112-d, whole animal,
mg/kg, ash-157

1.0

NaF

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Mytilus edulis
(mussel)

20-h, mg/kg as tissue wet weight, gills-1.1, gut-1.2, mantle-0.5, shell-1.6,
foot-0.8, adductor-<0.2

1.05

NaF

Hemens & Warwick, 1972

Tylodisplax blephariskios
(crab)

72-d, 25°C, whole animal, mg/kg, ash-106

1.05

NaF

Hemens & Warwick, 1972

Palaemon pacificus
(shrimp)

72-d, 25°C, whole animal mg/kg, ash-106

1.05

NaF

Hemens & Warwick, 1972

Penaeus indicus
(prawn)

72-d, 25°C, whole animal, mg/kg, ash-374,
wet weight-25.3*

1.13 to
1.35

sea

Barbaro et al., 1981

Mytilus galloprovincialis
(mussel)

soft tissue fluoride level, in mg/kg dry weight is 20 to 70 times the level in ambient seawater, 85 (65-105)

1.13 to
1.48

sea

Barbaro et al., 1981

Balanus amphitrite
(barnacle)

soft tissue fluoride level, in mg/kg dry weight is 20 to 70 times the level in ambient seawater, 81 (75-87)

1.41

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Carcinus maenas
(crab)

wet weight tissue level in mg/kg, whole animal-5.4, gill-1.6, exoskeleton-11.0, gonad-1.6, muscle-2.1

1.72
mean

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Portunus depuratus
(crab)

wet weight tissue level in mg/kg, whole animal-3.7, exoskeleton-11.0, muscle-2.1

1.72
mean

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Crangon vulgaris
(shrimp)

wet weight tissue level in mg/kg, exoskeleton-10.6, muscle-1.5, whole animal-4.3

1.72
mean

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Leander serratus
(prawn)

wet weight tissue level in mg/kg, exoskelton-11.3, muscle-2.1, whole animal-4.3

5.65

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Penaeus indicus
(prawn)

113-d, whole animal in mg/ kg, ash-1425, wet weight-96.5* (3.2 x the, level in controls @ 0.95 mg/L F )

5.65

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Tylodisplax
blephariskios
(crab)

113-d, whole animal in mg/kg, ash-566, (3.6 x the evel in controls@ 0.95 mg/L l F )

5.7

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Penaeus indicus
(prawn)

113-d, whole animal in mg/ kg, ash-1790, wet weight-121.3 (4.0 x the level in controls @ 0.95 mg/L F-)

5.7

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Tylodisplax
blephariskios
(crab)

113-d, whole animal in mg/kg ash-522 (3.3 x the level in controls @ 0.95 mg/L F-)

5.88

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Penaeus indicus
(prawn)

68-d, whole animal in mg/ kg, ash-1475, wet weight-99.9 (3.7 x the level in controls @ 0.89 mg/L F )

5.88

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Tylodisplax
blephariskios
(crab)

68-d, whole animal in mg/kg, ash-423 (1.9 x the level in controls @ 0.89 mg/L F-)

10

NaF

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Mytilus edulis
(mussel)

20-h, mg/kg tissue as wet weight, gills-2.4, mantle-1.20, shell-5.7, gut-2.6, foot-0.7, adductor-2.0

10

NaF

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Mytilus edulis
(mussel)

96-h, mg/kg tissue as wet weight, gills-4.8, mantle-4.9, shell-10.0, gut-6.8, foot-5.6, adductor-1.3

30

NaF

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Mytilus edulis
(mussel)

20-h, mg/kg tissue as wet weight, gill-11.16, mantle-2.5, shell-11.4, gut-17.2, foot-10.1, adductor-9.8

30

NaF

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Mytilus edulis
(mussel)

96-h, mg/kg tissue wet
weight, gills-34.7, gut-73.6, mantle-18.5, shell-21.8, foot-40.7, adductor-23.8

50

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Penaeus indicus
(prawn)

mg/kg, ash, soft tissue-50, exoskeleton-736.5, whole body-534. wet weight, soft tissue-3.4*, exoskeleton-49.9*,whole body-36.2*

52

NaF

Hemens & Warwick, 1972

Penaeus indicus
(prawn)

72-d, 25°C, 20 ppt salinity whole animal, mg/kg, ash-3248**. wet weight-220.1** (8.7 x the level in controls @ 1.05 mg/L F)

52

NaF

Hemens & Warwick, 1972

Tylodisplax blephariskios
(crab)

72-d, 25°C, whole animal, mg/kg, ash-1414
(8.3 x the level in controls@ 1.05 mg/L F)

52

NaF

Hemens & Warwick, 1972

Palaemon pacificus
(shrimp)

72-d, 25°C, whole animal, mg/kg, ash-3116
(29.4 x the level in controls@ 1.05 mg/L F)


** The F-in-ash to F-in-wet weight ratio was 14.8. This factor was used to convert other values*, given only in micrograms/gram ash, to mg/kg wet weight.


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