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Water Quality

Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Fluoride


Table 5.10 Fluoride Accumulation in Marine Fish as a Function of the Ambient Fluoride Levels


mg/L F

Salt

Reference

Species

conditions and accumulation factors

0.89

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Mugil cephalus (mullet)

68-d exposure, 25°C, total body fluoride levels in mg/kg. 17 mm fish: ash-377, wet weight-25.3* 52 mm fish: ash-422, wet weight-28.3*

0.95

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Mugil cephalus (mullet)

113-d exposure, 25°C, total body fluoride level in mg/kg. ash-725, wet weight-48.7*

1.05

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Mugil cephalus (mullet)

72-d exposure, 25°C, 20 ppt salinity, fish not fed, total body fluoride level in mg/kg, ash-141.8, wet weight-9.5*

1.2-1.5

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Gadus morrhua
(cod)

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg gill-2.1, skeleton-23.9, skin-29.6, gonad-2.8, liver-1.2, kidney-2.1, muscle-1.7, fat body-0.9, blood-<0.2 stomach wall-3.6

1.2-1.5

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Gadus aeglifinus (haddock)

wet weight tissue levels mg/kg gill-5.7, skeleton-49.3, skin-37.0, gonad-1.5, liver-0.2, kidney-0.6, muscle-1.8, fat body-0.5, stomach wall-3.6

1.2-1.5

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Pleuronectes
limanda
(dabs)

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg, gill-1.9, skeleton-99.7, skin-52.2, gonad-0.14, liver-2.5, muscle-1.0, stomach wall-4.1

1.4
about

sea

Milhaud et al., 1981

Oblada melanura

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg, muscle and skin-25, scales-565, fins-655, gills-415, bone-300, liver and digestive tract-35

1.4
about

sea

Milhaud et al., 1981

Mugil labrosus
(mullet)

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg, muscle-1.8, skin-12.2, fins-189, scales-150, gills-65.5, bone-76, liver and digestive tract-22.8

1.4
about

sea

Milhaud et al., 1981

Mugil labrosus
(mullet)

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg, muscle-1.8, skin-13.3, fins-165, scales-180, gills-69, bone-73.7, liver and digestive tract-2.3

1.72
mean

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Gadus morrhua
(cod)

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg skeleton-42.3, skin-24.5, liver-2.7, kidney-2.2, muscle-1.9, stomach wall-3.2

1.72
mean

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Gadus aeglifinus
(haddock)

wet weight tissue levels mg/kg skeleton-34.3, skin-45.0, liver-3.0, gill bar-100.4, muscle-3.0, stomach wall-2.0

1.7
mean

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Clupea sprattus
(sprat)

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg skeleton-52.2, skin-17.6, muscle-4.2

1.72
mean

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Pleuronectes
flesus
(flounder)

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg, skeleton-34.3, skin-11.1, liver-2.8, stomach wall-8.6, muscle-1.8

1.72
mean

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Pleuronectes
limanda
(dab)

wet weight tissue level, mg/kg, skeleton-55.9, skin-19.5, liver-1.3, stomach wall-2.5, muscle-1.7

1.72
mean

sea

Wright & Davidson, 1975

Cyclopteris
lumpus
(lumpsucker)

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg, skeleton-30.7, skin26.8, liver-3.9, stomach wall-4.1, muscle-8.6

2.0
about

sea

Milhaud et al., 1981

Ombrina cirrosa

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg, muscle-5.1, skin-21, scales-410, bone-361.7

2.0
about

sea

Milhaud et al., 1981

Mugil cephalus
(mullet)

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg, muscle-11.5, skin-45.5, scales-604.4, bone-272.8, fins-379.2 gills-372, liver and digestive tract-1604.5

2.0
about

sea

Milhaud et al., 1981

Mugil labrosus
(mullet)

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg, muscle-7.7, skin-38.8, scales-672.9, bone-407.3, fins-397.5, gills-149, liver and digestive tract-649

2.0
about

sea

Milhaud et al., 1981

Oblada
melanura

wet weight tissue levels, mg/kg, muscle-30.2, skin-370, scales-1139, fins-2355, bone-1191, gills-1335, liver and digestive tract-113.8

3.0
about

sea

Milhaud et al., 1981

Mugil auratus
(mullet)

wet weight tissue level, mg/kg, muscle-3.1, skin-19.0, scales-185.0, bone-73

3.0
about

sea

Milhaud et al., 1981

Mugil labrosus
(mullet)

wet weight tissue level, mg/kg, muscle-5.2, skin-35, scales-450, bone-335

3.0
about

sea

Milhaud et al., 1981

Mugil cephalus
(mullet)

wet weight tissue level, mg/kg, muscle-26, muscle & skin-10.2, scales-1053.3, bone-393.8

5.65

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Mugil cephalus
(mullet)

113-d exposure, 25°C, total body fluoride levels in mg/kg, 2.61 x the level in controls @ 0.95 mg/L F, ash-1895, wet weight-127.3*

570

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Mugil cephalus
(mullet)

113-d exposure, 25°C, total body fluoride levels in mg/kg, 2.81 x the level in controls @ 0.95 mg/L F ash-2037, wet weight-136.8*

5.88

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Mugil cephalus
(mullet)

68-d exposure, 25°C, total body fluoride levels in mg/kg, controls @ 0.89 mg/L F, 17 mm fish, ash-1394, wet weight-93.6*, 3.69 x controls, 52 mm fish, ash-796, wet weight-53.5* 1.88 x controls

50

NaF

Hemens et al., 1975

Mugil cephalus
(mullet)

fluoride levels in tissue, mg/kg, ash, whole body-796, soft tissue-490, bone-1313, wet weight, bone-88.2* whole body-53.5*, soft tissue-32.9*,

52

NaF

Hemens & Warwick, 1972

Mugil cephalus
(mullet)

total body fluoride level, mg/kg, 72-d exposure, 25°C, 20 ppt salinity, no food, 54.6 x controls @ 1.05 mg/L F ash-7743**, wet weight-520**

** These fish were determined to be 69.9% water. The F-in-ash to F-in wet weight ratio was 14.9. This factor was used to convert other values*, given only in microgram/gram ash, to mg/kg wet weight.


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