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Table 11.01: Effect of Selenium on agricultural crops |
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Organism/species |
Effect concentration for Se (dry wt basis) and Se species |
Effect/ comments |
Test conditions |
Reference |
|
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) |
0.70 mg/kg in soil |
60-d-Se conc. for whole plant was 4.7 mg/kg |
Field study; temp. 27° during the day and 15° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1992 |
|
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) |
0.70 mg/kg in soil |
145-d-Se conc. for whole plant was 10.6 mg/kg |
Field study; temp. 27° during the day and 15° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1992 |
|
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) L., Germain WL 512 |
0.25 mg/L as Na2SeO4 |
increase of B conc. from 0.5 to 3.0 mg/L resulted in an increase in yield by 17% and a slight decrease in levels of Se as ug Se/g dry wt; an increase in salinity from 0.5 to 3.0 dS/m resulted in a 22% decrease in yield and a 95% decrease in Se in plant |
Greenhouse study; course grained silica sand; pH 6.5-7.0 |
Mikkelsen et al., 1988 |
|
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) L., Germain WL 512 |
0.50 mg/L as Na2SeO4 |
increase of B conc. resulted in a slight increase in yield and a slight decrease in levels of Se in plant; an increase in salinity from 0.5 to 3.0 dS/m resulted in a slight decrease in yield and a significant decrease in Se in plant |
Greenhouse study; course grained silica sand; pH 6.5-7.0 |
Mikkelsen et al., 1988 |
|
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) L., Germain WL 512 |
1.0 mg/L as Na2SeO4 |
increase of B conc. resulted in a slight decrease in yield and a slight decrease in levels of Se in plant; an increase in salinity from 0.5 to 3.0 dS/m resulted in a slight decrease in yield and a significant decrease in Se in plant |
Greenhouse study; course grained silica sand; pH 6.5-7.0 |
Mikkelsen et al., 1988 |
|
Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) |
0.70 mg/kg in soil |
60-d-Se conc. for whole plant was 3.1 mg/kg |
Field study; temp. 27° during the day and 15° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1992 |
|
Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) |
0.70 mg/kg in soil |
145-d-Se conc. for whole plant was 4.7 mg/kg |
Field study; temp. 27° during the day and 15° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1992 |
|
Canola (Brassica napus) |
0.70 mg/kg in soil |
60-d-Se concs in leaves and stem were 51.0 and 9.1 mg/kg, respectively. |
Field study; temp. 27° during the day and 15° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1992 |
|
Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as SeO4 |
21-d-relative growth rate was 6.3 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as combination of SeO4 and Cu |
21-d-relative growth rate was -3.2 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as combination of SeO4 and Cd |
21-d-relative growth rate was -4.5 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as SeO3 |
21-d-relative growth rate was 5.3 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as combination of SeO3 and Cu |
21-d-relative growth rate was -3.4 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as combination of SeO3 and Cd |
21-d-relative growth rate was -5.3 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) |
0.70 mg/kg in soil |
60-d-Se conc. for whole plant was 1.3 mg/kg |
Field study; temp. 27° during the day and 15° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1992 |
|
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) |
0.70 mg/kg in soil |
145-d-Se conc. for whole plant was 1.5 mg/kg |
Field study; temp. 27° during the day and 15° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1992 |
|
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as SeO4 |
21-d-relative growth rate was-3.4 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as combination of SeO4 and Cu |
21-d-relative growth rate was -4.1 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as combination of SeO4 and Cd |
21-d-relative growth rate was -6.6 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as SeO3 |
21-d-relative growth rate was -2.7 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as combination of SeO3 and Cu |
21-d-relative growth rate was -3.6 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Fenomen) |
5.0 umol as combination of SeO3 and Cd |
21-d-relative growth rate was -5.6 |
pH 6.0; temp. 27° during day and 21° at night; relative humididty was 70-80% |
Landberg and Greger, 1994 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
2.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 3.0 dS/m of salt and 3.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 13.6 g fresh, 1.7 g dry and root wet wts were 6.6 g fresh and 0.4 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
6.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 3.0 dS/m of salt and 3.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 12.7 g fresh, 1.5 g dry and root wet wts were 5.9 g fresh and 0.3 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
15.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 3.0 dS/m of salt and 3.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 14.4 g fresh, 1.9 g dry and root wet wts were 6.2 g fresh and 0.4 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
2.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 10.0 dS/m of salt and 3.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 15.0 g fresh, 2.1 g dry and root wet wts were 7.1 g fresh and 0.4 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
6.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 10.0 dS/m of salt and 3.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 13.2 g fresh, 2.0 g dry and root wet wts were 6.3 g fresh and 0.4 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
15.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 10.0 dS/m of salt and 3.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 16.0 g fresh, 2.1 g dry and root wet wts were 6.4 g fresh and 0.5 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
2.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 10.0 dS/m of salt and 10.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 15.4 g fresh, 1.8 g dry and root wet wts were 5.4 g fresh and 0.4 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
6.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 10.0 dS/m of salt and 10.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 15.8 g fresh, 1.9 g dry and root wet wts were 6.0 g fresh and 0.5 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
15.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 10.0 dS/m of salt and 10.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 14.9 g fresh, 1.6 g dry and root wet wts were 5.3 g fresh and 0.4 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
2.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 10.0 dS/m of salt and 15.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 15.9 g fresh, 2.2 g dry and root wet wts were 5.6 g fresh and 0.4 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
2.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 15.0 dS/m of salt and 10.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 15.4 g fresh, 1.8 g dry and root wet wts were 5.4 g fresh and 0.4 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
6.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 15.0 dS/m of salt and 10.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 15.8 g fresh, 1.9 g dry and root wet wts were 6.0 g fresh and 0.5 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
15.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 15.0 dS/m of salt and 10.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 14.9 g fresh, 1.6 g dry and root wet wts were 5.3 g fresh and 0.4 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
2.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 10.0 dS/m of salt and 15.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 15.6 g fresh, 2.0 g dry and root wet wts were 5.9 g fresh and 0.4 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
2.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 10.0 dS/m of salt and 15.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 13.9 g fresh, 1.4 g dry and root wet wts were 4.4 g fresh and 0.3 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
15.0 mg Se/L as Na2SeO4 |
40-d study (with 10.0 dS/m of salt and 10.0 mg/L of Boron) shoot wts were 14.7 g fresh, 1.7 g dry and root wet wts were 4.9 g fresh and 0.3 g dry |
In greenhouse water cultures; pH 6.5-7; temp. 21° during the day and 18° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1990 |
|
Wild brown mustard (Brassica juncea) |
0.70 mg/kg in soil |
60-d Se-concs in whole plant, leaves and stem were 34.1, 50.0 and 8.3 mg/kg, respectively. |
Field study; temp. 27° during the day and 15° at night |
Banuelos et al., 1992 |