Table 5.01: Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of selenium in freshwater aquatic organisms | |||
Source |
Chemical |
Species |
Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) or Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) (in dry wt unless otherwise stated) |
Ohlendorf, 1989 |
- |
algae |
* BCF = from 100 to 2600 under natural conditions |
Kiffney and Knight, 1990 |
selenite |
Anabaena flos-aquae (cyanobacterium) |
* 2-10 day exposure, BCF = 267 to 1004 |
Kiffney and Knight, 1990 |
selenate |
Anabaena flos-aquae (cyanobacterium) |
* 2-10 day exposure, BCF = 30 to 115 |
Kiffney and Knight, 1990 |
seleno-methionine |
Anabaena flos-aquae (cyanobacterium) |
* 2-10 day exposure, BCF = 1520 to 12,193 |
Peterson and Nebeker, 1992 |
selenite |
aquatic plants (rooted macrophytes) |
long term exposure, BAF = 1,200 |
Boisson et al., 1995 |
selenite |
Cricosphaera elongata (Droop) Braarud (coccolithophores/unicellular marine algae) |
14-d exposure, BCF = 102.7 to 363 |
Ohlendorf et al., 1986(a) |
- |
filamentous algae |
long term exposure, BCF = 117 |
Saiki et al., 1993 |
- |
filamentous algae |
long term exposure, BCF = 118 to 2466 |
Besser et al., 1989 |
selenate |
Macrophytes |
28 d exposure, BCF = 72 |
Besser et al., 1989 |
selenite |
Macrophytes |
28 d exposure, BCF = 363 |
Besser et al., 1989 |
seleno-methionine |
Macrophytes |
28-d exposure, BCF = 3,266 |
Besser et al., 1989 |
selenate |
Periphyton |
28-d exposure, BCF = 141 |
Besser et al., 1989 |
selenite |
Periphyton |
28-d exposure, BCF = 755 |
Besser et al., 1989 |
seleno-methionine |
Periphyton |
28-d exposure, BCF = 16,836 |
Ohlendorf et al., 1986(a) |
- |
rooted plants |
long term exposure, BCF = 174 |
Cumbie and VanHorn, 1978 |
- |
plankton |
long term exposure, BCF = 4,000 to 10,000 |
Besser et al., 1989 |
selenate |
Zooplankton |
28-d exposure, BCF = 351 |
Besser et al., 1989 |
selenite |
Zooplankton |
28-d exposure, BCF = 1,087 |
Besser et al., 1989 |
seleno-methionine |
Zooplankton |
28-d exposure, BCF = 28,870 |
Peterson and Nebeker, 1992 |
selenite |
aquatic insects (and other invertebrates) |
long term exposure, BAF = 1,800 |
Ohlendorf et al., 1986(b) |
- |
aquatic invertebrates |
long term exposure, BCF = greater than 1000 (based on wet wt) |
Saiki et al., 1993 |
- |
crayfish |
long term exposure, BCF = 172 to 1733 |
Ingersoll et al., 1990 |
mixture of 6 : 1 selenate to selenite |
Daphnia magna (water flea) |
*long term exposure, BCF range from 71 to 322 dependant on water concentration |
Saiki et al., 1993 |
- |
invertebrates |
long term exposure, BCF = 284 to 2967 |
Ohlendorf et al., 1986(a) |
- |
small invertebrates |
long term exposure, BCF = range from 74 to 583 |
Peterson and Nebeker, 1992 |
- |
small fish (mosquitofish/planktivores) |
long term exposure, BAF = 2,600 |
Ohlendorf et al., 1986(b) |
- |
Gambusia affinis (mosquitofish) |
long term exposure, BCF = 100 (based on wet wt) |
Saiki et al., 1993 |
- |
Gambusia affinis (mosquitofish) |
long term exposure, BCF = 200 to 5333 |
Saiki and Ogle, 1995 |
- |
Gambusia affinis (mosquitofish) |
long term exposure, BCF = 310 to 3400 |
Ohlendorf, 1989 |
- |
fish |
*BCF = from 8 to 78 in laboratory and from 200 to 6000 in the field |
Peterson and Nebeker, 1992 |
selenite |
large fish (piscivores) |
long term exposure, BAF = 6,800 |
Cleveland et al., 1993 |
selenite |
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) |
60-d exposure, BCF = 5-7 |
Cleveland et al., 1993 |
seleno-L methionine |
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) |
90-d exposure, BCF = 0.5 - 1.0 |
Saiki et al., 1993 |
- |
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill) |
long term exposure, BCF = 245 to 2133 |
Gillespie and Baumann, 1986 |
- |
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegills) |
long term exposure, ovaries BCF = 451.5 |
Hermanutz et al., 1992 |
selenite |
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegills) |
40-wk exposure, liver BCF = 930 (wet wt measurements) |
Hermanutz et al., 1992 |
selenite |
Lepomis macrochirus (bluegills) |
40-wk exposure, sleletal muscle BCF = 90 (wet wt measurements) |
Saiki et al., 1993 |
- |
Micropterus salmoides (largemouth bass) |
long term exposure, BCF = 218 to 2266 |
Chidambaram and Sastry, 1991 |
selenate |
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) (teleost fish) |
50 d exposure, whole body BCF = 6.97 |
Chidambaram and Sastry, 1991 |
selenate |
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) (teleost fish) |
50 d exposure, gills BCF = 10.94 |
Chidambaram and Sastry, 1991 |
selenate |
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) (teleost fish) |
50 d exposure, liver BCF = 8.25 |
Chidambaram and Sastry, 1991 |
selenate |
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) (teleost fish) |
50 d exposure, intestine BCF = 16.89 |
Chidambaram and Sastry, 1991 |
selenate |
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) (teleost fish) |
50 d exposure, kidney BCF = 11.83 |
Chidambaram and Sastry, 1991 |
selenate |
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) (teleost fish) |
50 d exposure, brain BCF = 4.28 |
Chidambaram and Sastry, 1991 |
selenate |
Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) (teleost fish) |
50 d exposure, muscle BCF = 13.07 |
Ohlendorf et al., 1988 |
- |
aquatic birds |
long term exposure, liver BAF = 314 |
Ohlendorf et al., 1988 |
- |
aquatic birds |
long term exposure, kidney BAF = 322 |
Fairbrother and Fowles, 1990 |
seleno-methionine |
Anas platyrhynchos (mallards) |
12-wk exposure, muscle BCF = 10.45 |
Fairbrother and Fowles, 1990 |
seleno-methionine |
Anas platyrhynchos (mallards) |
12-wk exposure, liver BCF = 6.82 |
KEY |
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* not known whether wet or dry wt used for calculation |
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