Table 9.06: Acute toxicity of selenium to marine fish

Species

Life Stage

Data type

Chemical

Salinity (g/kg)

Other Measured Parameters

Conc. (mg/L) in water

Conc. in diet (µg/g) dry wt

Effect

Reference

Apeltes quadracus (fourspine stickleback)

adult

S,U,2

selenite

30.0

-

17.350

-

96-h LC₅₀

USEPA, 1980; Cardin, 1986

Cyprinodon variegatus (sheepshead minnow)

adult

-

-

-

-

7.400-67.100

-

96-h LC₅₀

USEPA, 1980

juvenile

S,U,2

selenite

-

6.700

-

LC₅₀ or EC₅₀

Heitmuller et al., 1981

juvenile

F,M,1

selenite

30.0

-

7.400

-

LC₅₀ or EC₅₀

Ward et al., 1981

-

-

-

-

-

26.000

-

48-h LC₅₀

Heitmuller et al., 1981

-

-

-

-

-

13.000

-

36-h LC₅₀

-

-

-

-

-

6.700

-

96-h LC₅₀

-

-

-

-

-

2.000

-

96-h NOEC, mortality

Lagodon rhomboides (pinfish)

juvenile

S,U,2

selenite

30.0

-

4.400

-

96-h LC₅₀

Ward et al., 1981

Melanogrammus aeglifinus (haddock)

larvae

-

-

-

-

0.600

-

96-h LC₅₀

USEPA, 1980

larva

S,U,2

selenite

30.0

-

0.599

-

LC₅₀ or EC₅₀

Cardin, 1986

Menidia menidia (Atlantic silverside)

juvenile

S,U,2

selenite

30.0

-

9.725

-

96-h LC₅₀

USEPA, 1980; Cardin, 1986

Morone saxatilis (striped bass)

-

S,U,2

selenite

-

1.550

-

LC₅₀ or EC₅₀

Palawski et al., 1985

prolarvae

F,M,1

selenate

3.5-4.2

-

6.790

-

LC₅₀ or EC₅₀

Klauda, 1985

juvenile

F,M,1

selenate

6.0-6.5

-

85.840

-

LC₅₀ or EC₅₀

larvae

-

selenate

-

Hardness = 4.0-5.0 mg CaCO3/L

13.020

-

96-h LC₅₀ (control survival=77%)

63 days

S,U,2

selenite

-

Hardness = 40.0 mg CaCO3/L

1.325

-

LC₅₀ or EC₅₀

Palawski et al., 1985

63 days

S,U,2

selenite

-

Hardness = 285.0 mg CaCO3/L

2.400

-

LC₅₀ or EC₅₀

24 days

-

selenite

38.5-40.5

Hardness = 750.0-

26.300

-

96-h LC₅₀ (inflated bladder)

Chapman, 1992

24 days

-

selenate

38.5-40.5

800.0 mg CaCO3/L; D.O. =

3.400

-

96-h LC₅₀ (inflated bladder)

24 days

-

selenite

38.5-40.5

near sat.; and Temp. = 17.0 °C

36.700

-

96-h LC₅₀ (uninflated bladder)

24 days

-

selenate

38.5-40.5

3.000

-

96-h LC₅₀ (uninflated bladder)

25 days

-

selenite

38.5-40.5

Hardness = 750.0-

23.700

-

96-h LC₅₀ (inflated bladder)

25 days

-

selenate

38.5-40.5

800.0 mg CaCO3/L; D.O. =

3.300

-

96-h LC₅₀ (inflated bladder)

Morone saxatilis (striped bass) (cont.)

25 days

-

selenite

38.5-40.5

(cont.)

incalculable results

-

96-h LC₅₀ (uninflated bladder)

Chapman, 1992 (cont.)

25 days

-

selenate

38.5-40.5

near sat.; and Temp. = 17.0 °C

incalculable results

-

96-h LC₅₀ (uninflated bladder)

31 days

-

selenite

38.5-40.5

Hardness = 750.0-

26.300

-

96-h LC₅₀ (inflated bladder)

31 days

-

selenate

38.5-40.5

800.0 mg CaCO3/L; D.O. =

3.800

-

96-h LC₅₀ (inflated bladder)

31 days

-

selenite

38.5-40.5

near sat.; and Temp. = 17.0 °C

incalculable results

-

96-h LC₅₀ (uninflated bladder)

31 days

-

selenate

38.5-40.5

1.600

-

96-h LC₅₀ (uninflated bladder)

32 days

-

selenite

38.5-40.5

Hardness = 750.0-

29.000

-

96-h LC₅₀ (inflated bladder)

32 days

-

selenate

38.5-40.5

800.0 mg CaCO3/L; D.O. =

3.900

-

96-h LC₅₀ (inflated bladder)

32 days

-

selenite

38.5-40.5

near sat.; and Temp. = 17.0 °C

34.800

-

96-h LC₅₀ (uninflated bladder)

32 days

-

selenate

38.5-40.5

1.900

-

96-h LC₅₀ (uninflated bladder)

Paralichthys dentatus (summer flounder)

embryo

S,U,2

-

30.2

-

3.497

-

LC₅₀ or EC₅₀

Cardin, 1986

larvae

-

-

-

-

3.500

-

96-h LC₅₀

USEPA, 1980

Pseudopleuronectes americanus (winter flounder)

larva

S,U,2

selenite

30.0

-

14.240

-

LC₅₀ or EC₅₀

Cardin, 1986

larva

S,U,2

selenite

28.0

-

15.070

-

LC₅₀ or EC₅₀

larvae

-

-

-

-

14.250-15.100

-

96-h LC₅₀

USEPA, 1980

KEY

LC = Lethal Concnetration

S = Static Test Method

M = Measured

1 = Primary

EC= Effective Concentration

F = Flowthrough Test Method

2 = Secondary