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Table 9.08

Table 9.08: Acute toxicity of selenium to marine invertebrates

Species

Life Stage

Data type

Chemical

Salinity (g/kg )

Other Measured Parameters

Conc. in water (mg/L)

Conc. in diet (µg/g) dry wt

Effect

Reference

Acartia clausi (copepod)

adult

S,U,2

selenite

30.0

-

2.110

-

EC50 or LC50

Lussier, 1986

-

-

-

-

-

1.740

-

96-h LC50

USEPA, 1980

Acartia tonso (copepod)

adult

S,U,2

selenite

30.0

-

0.839

-

EC50 or LC50

Lussier, 1986

 

-

-

-

-

-

0.800

-

96-h LC50

USEPA, 1980

Allorchestes compressa (amphipod)

-

-

-

-

-

4.800-6.200

-

96-h LC50

Ahsanullah and Palmer, 1980

Argopecten irradians (bay scallop)

-

-

selenite

-

-

0.255

-

96-h LC50, mortality

Nelson et al., 1988

Callinectes sapidus (blue crab)

juvenile

S,U,2

selenite

30.0

-

4.600

-

96-h LC50

Ward et al., 1981

Cancer magister (dungeness or edible crab)

-

-

selenite

-

-

>10.000

-

24-h LC50, mortality

Martin et al., 1981

 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

0.500

-

24-h, 15% mortality compared to control with 10% mortality

Glickstein, 1978

 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

1.000

-

24-h, 20% mortality compared to control with 10% mortality

  
 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

5.000

-

24-h, 15% mortality compared to control with 10% mortality

  
 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

10.000

-

24-h, 55% mortality compared to control with 10% mortality

  
 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

0.100

-

48-h, 25% mortality compared to control with 20% mortality

  
 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

0.500

-

48-h, 25% mortality compared to control with 20% mortality

  
 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

5.000

-

48-h, 40% mortality compared to control with 20% mortality

  
 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

10.000

-

48-h, 100% mortality compared to control with 20% mortality

  
 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

0.100

-

96-h, 30% mortality compared to control with 20% mortality; with levels of Hg added between 3 and 30 µg Hg/L, mortality ranged from 25-40%

 

Cancer magister (dungeness or edible crab) (cont.)

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

0.500

-

96-h, 35% mortality compared to control with 20% mortality; with levels of Hg added between 3 and 30 µg Hg/L, mortality ranged from 30-50%

Glickstein, 1978 (cont.)

 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

1.000

-

96-h, 45% mortality compared to control with 20% mortality; with levels of Hg added between 3 and 30 µg Hg/L, mortality ranged from 35-70%

  
 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

5.000-10.000

-

96-h, 100% mortality compared to control with 20% mortality; with levels of Hg added between 3 and 30 µg Hg/L, mortality was 100%

  
 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

5.090

-

48-h LC50 or EC50

 
 

1st stage zoeae

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

1.040

-

96-h LC50

 

Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster)

embryo

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

0.010

-

48-h, 12.9% abnormal development compared to 9.3 in control (range from 14.6 to 86.4% with 2 to 10 µg Hg/L)

Glickstein, 1978

 

embryo

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

0.100

-

48-h, 14.0% abnormal development compared to 9.3 in control (range from 12.7 to 81.7% with 2 to 10 µg Hg/L)

  
 

embryo

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

1.000

-

48-h, 9.7% abnormal development compared to 9.3 in control (range from 8.7 to 87.7% with 2 to 10 µg Hg/L)

  
 

embryo

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

10.000

-

48-h, 10.7% abnormal development compared to 9.3 in control (range from 16.2 to 99.0% with 2 to 10 µg Hg/L)

  

embryo

S,U,2

selenite

33.8

pH = 8.1; D.O = 6.58 mg/L

>10.000

-

48-h EC50 or LC50

 
 

-

-

selenite

-

-

>10.000

-

48-h EC50, change in the ability to grow to a more mature life stage and in time between seperate life stages

Martin et al., 1981

Cylaspis usitata (cumacean)

-

-

selenite

-

-

6.100

-

96-h LC50

Ahsanullah and Palmer, 1980

Mysidopsis bahia (opossum shrimp)

juvenile

S,U,2

selenite

-

-

0.600

-

96-h LC50, mortality

USEPA, 1978; USEPA, 1980

 

egg

S,U,2

selenite

-

-

0.127-0.143

-

life cycle LC50

USEPA, 1980

 

juvenile

F,M,1

selenite

15.0-20.0

-

1.500

-

LC50 or EC50

Ward et al., 1981

Mysidopsis bahia (opossum shrimp) (cont.)

adult

-

-

-

-

1.500

-

96-h LC50

Ward et al., 1981 (cont.)

Mytilus edulis (common bay mussel, blue mussel)

-

-

selenite

-

-

>10.000

-

48-h EC50, change in ability to grow to a mature life stage and in time between separate life stages

Martin et al., 1981

 

embryo

S,U,2

selenium oxide

33.8

-

>10.000

-

LC50 or EC50

 

Notocallista sp. (bivalve)

juvenile

-

-

-

-

2.900

-

96-h LC50

Ahsanullah and Palmer, 1980

Panaous aztecus (brown shrimp)

juvenile

S,U

selenite

30.0

-

1.200

-

96-h LC50

Ward et al., 1981

Perna viridis (green mussel)

-

-

selenite

-

-

1.000

-

96-h, change in enzyme activity

Patel et al., 1988

Spisula solidissima (surf crab)

-

-

selenite

-

-

1.900

-

96-h LC50, mortality

Nelson et al., 1988

                   

KEY

                  

LC = Lethal Concentration

M = Measured

                

EC = Effective Concentration

1 = Primary

                

S = Static Test Method

2 = Secondary

                

F = Flowthrough Test Method

                  

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