Table 9.09: Chronic toxicity of selenium to marine invertebrates | |||||||||
Species |
Life Stage |
Data type |
Chemical |
Salinity (g/kg) |
Other Measured Parameters |
Conc. in water (mg/L) |
Conc. in diet (µg/g) dry wt |
Effect |
Reference |
Clibanarius vittatus (hermit crab) |
- |
- |
- |
10.0/20.0/30.0/40.0 ppt |
- |
100.000 |
- |
survival time increased from 10 to 20 ppt of salinity and then decreased for 30 and again for 40 ppt- for organisms originating from two different sites |
Wolfenberger, 1986 |
- |
- |
- |
10.0/20.0/30.0/40.0 ppt |
- |
100.000 |
- |
survival time decreased from 10 to 20 ppt of salinity and then increased for 30 and decreased for 40 ppt- for organisms originating from two different sites |
||
- |
- |
- |
10.0/20.0/30.0/40.0 ppt |
- |
100.000 |
- |
survival time decreased from 10 to 20 ppt of salinity and then increased for 30 and decreased for 40 ppt- for organisms originating from two different sites |
||
Crassostrea virginica (Eastern oyster) |
adult |
- |
selenate |
34 |
- |
0.400 |
- |
14 days, no significant effect on respiration rate of gill tissue |
Fowler et al., 1981 |
Mysidopsis bahia (mysid) |
- |
- |
selenite |
26 |
- |
0.212 |
- |
chronic value life cycle |
USEPA, 1978; Ward et al., 1981 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
0.135 |
- |
life cycle no effect |
USEPA, 1980 | ||
Mytilus edulis (blue crab) |
- |
F,M,1 |
selenite |
28.0-31.0 |
- |
0.050 |
- |
120-h, reduction in filtration rates by 86-100% is seen in all cases; under |
Micallef and Tyler, 1990 |
- |
F,M,1 |
selenite |
28.0-31.0 |
- |
0.05 Se + 0.0197 Hg |
- |
these laboratory conditions the Se was not able to protect the mussels from |
||
- |
F,M,1 |
selenite |
28.0-31.0 |
- |
0.05 Se + 0.05 Hg |
- |
effect of Hg. |
||
3.6 cm |
F |
selenite |
- |
- |
0.050 |
- |
15-50 days, bioaccumulation rate of inorganic Se is doubled and tripled (respectively with the addition of inorganic Hg and methyl mercury |
Pelletier, 1986 | |
3.6 cm |
F |
organic |
- |
- |
0.050 |
- |
Less dramatic changes seen with organic Se. Phenomenon is not reciprocal |
||
KEY |
|||||||||
F = Flowthrough Test Method |
1 = Primary |
M = Measured |
|||||||
2 = Secondary |
N = Nominal |
||||||||